Bearing heat treatment method in foreign machinery industry (below)

Core Tip: Bearing heat treatment method in foreign machinery industry (below) Abstract: Revitalize the industry position of equipment manufacturing industry Safe and environmentally controlled microbial growth A/B rotary working head inverter brake
Bearing heat treatment method in foreign machinery industry (below) Abstract: Revitalizing the industry status of equipment manufacturing industry Safe and environmentally controlled microbial growth A/B rotary working head Inverter braking new ideas, new methods Longitudinal wave method flaw detection quantitative analysis uncertainty High-precision milling processing technology and numerical control programming example High-performance grinding wheel dresser design and application High-efficiency CNC grinding AutoCAD-based planning library management system design and implementation Metal cutting new concept and soft soft starter energy saving principle CNC machine tool installation and commissioning CNC machine tools go to the information age Dalian has made breakthroughs in the research and development of cutting-edge CNC equipment. Metal cutting principle and tool vibration aging process principle Historical status and development trend of stainless steel electrode research at home and abroad Standard programming language CNC machine tool system composition and function processing method industry machinery foreign atmosphere cleaning equipment bearing cooling bearing heat treatment equipment 7.1 annealing equipment industrial developed countries as early as the 1960s and 1970s, the promotion of putter type roller-type isothermal spheroidizing furnace Shrink Annealing cycle annealing to improve the quality of energy saving bearing parts processing technology precision forging precision ring rolling process using parts rough machining precision turning technology to bring more and gradually extended protective atmosphere annealing needs of industrialized countries.

7 bearing heat treatment equipment

7.1 Annealing equipment

In the industrialized countries, as early as the 1960s and 1970s, push-rod and roller-type isothermal spheroidizing annealing furnaces were widely promoted to shorten the annealing cycle, save energy and improve annealing quality. With the development of bearing parts processing technology, precision forging and precision 辗 expansion (cold 辗) process, the processing precision of parts blanks is getting higher and higher, and gradually no less turning process is introduced, which brings about annealing of protective atmosphere. demand. Industrial developed countries have generally adopted protective atmosphere annealing to reduce the amount of machining after annealing, improve processing efficiency, save energy and reduce costs.

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Lubrication of plain bearings

Core Tip: The role of lubricant lubricants is to reduce frictional resistance, reduce wear, cooling and vibration absorption. Lubricants are liquid, solid and gas and semi-solid. Liquid lubricants are called lubricants.
Lubricant

The role of the lubricant is to reduce frictional resistance, reduce wear, cooling and vibration absorption. Lubricants are liquid, solid and gas and semi-solid. Liquid lubricants are called lubricating oils, semi-solid, at room temperature. The grease is grease.

Lubricant

Lubricating oil is the main lubricant. The main physical property index of lubricating oil is viscosity. Viscosity characterizes the internal friction property of liquid flow. The greater the viscosity, the worse the fluidity. Another physical property of the lubricating oil is oiliness, which characterizes the adsorption capacity of the lubricating oil on the metal surface. The greater the oiliness, the stronger the adsorption capacity for the metal, and the easier the oil film is formed. The choice of lubricating oil should take into account factors such as bearing capacity, journal rotation speed, lubrication method, and surface roughness of sliding bearings.
The general principles are as follows:

1. Under high-speed and light-load working conditions, in order to reduce frictional power consumption, a lubricant with a small viscosity can be selected;
2. Under heavy or shock load working conditions, oil with large oiliness and high viscosity should be used to form a stable lubricating film;
3, static pressure or dynamic and static pressure sliding bearings can choose a small viscosity lubricant;
4. Surfaces with rough or unrunned surfaces should be selected with high viscosity lubricants.

The selection of the viscosity of the lubricating oil for hydrodynamically lubricated bearings can be checked by calculation.

Grease

For plain bearings with a journal speed of less than 1 m/s to 2 m/s, grease can be used. The grease is blended with mineral oil, various thickeners (such as calcium, sodium, lithium, aluminum and other metal soaps) and water. The grease has a large consistency (needle penetration) and a large carrying capacity, but its physical and chemical properties are unstable. It should not be used under conditions of large temperature changes, and is often used in low-speed heavy-duty or oscillating bearings.
Solid lubricants and gas lubricants

Solid lubricants include graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Generally used under heavy load conditions or under high temperature working conditions. Gas lubricants are commonly used in air, and are used at high speeds and in oils or greases.

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Ntn roller bearing in use failure daily maintenance precautions

After the ntn bearing is installed, check the operation in order to check if the installation is correct. The small machine can be rotated by hand to confirm whether the rotation is smooth. The inspection items have poor operation due to foreign matter, scratches, and indentations. The installation is poor, the torque generated by the mounting is not stable, and the torque is too large due to too small clearance, installation error, and sealing friction. Wait. If there is no abnormality, the power running can be started. Large machinery cannot be rotated manually, so the power is cut off immediately after the start of the no-load, the machine is idling, and the presence or absence of vibration, noise, and contact of the rotating parts is checked. After confirming that there is no abnormality, the power is turned on. The power running starts from the no-load low speed and slowly increases to the rated operation of the specified conditions. The items to be checked during the test run are whether there is abnormal sound, change in the temperature of the roller bearing, leakage or discoloration of the lubricant, and the like. If an abnormality is found, stop the operation immediately, check the machine, and remove the bearing check if necessary.
The temperature can generally be estimated based on the external temperature of the bearing housing. However, it is more accurate to directly measure the temperature of the outer ring of the ntn bearing by using the oil hole. The bearing temperature gradually rises from the start of the operation, and the temperature is usually stable after 1 to 2 hours. If the roller bearing is poorly installed, the temperature will rise sharply and an abnormally high temperature will occur. The reasons are such as excessive lubricant, too small bearing clearance, poor installation, excessive friction of the sealing device, and the like. In the case of high-speed rotation, the selection of the structure and lubrication method is also the cause.
1) Wash the bearing with kerosene, press it into the bearing seat, fill the roller of the bearing outer ring with Shell No. 3 lithium base grease to two-thirds full, apply evenly with the net hand, install the ntn bearing gland, apply with the coating The fastening bolt of the bolt anti-slipping rubber is pressed against the bearing gland;
2) The bearing is a cylindrical roller bearing with a detachable inner casing. The bearing should be placed on the rotating shaft and placed in place;
3) Mount the bearing housing on the casing. If there is grease grease hole, it must be aligned. Pressing the bearing block with the fastening bolts of the anti-loosening rubber;
4) The inner and outer eccentric blocks are mounted on the rotating shaft and are in place. If there is an axis key, the shaft key should be inserted into the keyway and then the outer eccentric block should be installed, and the shaft can be mounted on the rotating shaft with the retaining ring;
5) Tightly fix the eccentric block fastening bolts and turn the adjustable eccentric block to the angular position before the unloading and tighten the fastening bolts. After the above assembly is completed, the shaft should have a certain axial movement;
6) The protective cover on both ends of the upper vibration motor is fastened with screws.
The imported bearings have certain changes to the installation form of the vibration motor and other aspects of the performance, and the form considered from different angles has a certain change effect, and slowly the installation situation of all aspects has also been I understand it.
The use factors mainly refer to whether the installation adjustment, use and maintenance, maintenance and repair, etc. meet the technical requirements. The installation condition is one of the primary factors in the use factor. The ntn bearing often changes the force state between the parts of the whole set of roller bearing due to improper installation, and the bearing runs in an abnormal state and fails early. According to the technical requirements of bearing installation, use, maintenance and maintenance, monitor and check the load, speed, working temperature, vibration, noise and lubrication conditions of the ntn bearing in operation, find out the cause and immediately adjust the cause, make adjustment It returned to normal. In addition, it is important to analyze the quality of the grease and the surrounding medium and atmosphere.

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Ntn tapered roller bearing to adjust the rotation accuracy of regular lubrication maintenance

After the ntn bearing is installed in the main machine, if the radial runout of the tapered roller bearing main shaft is measured, it can be found that the measured value of each revolution has a certain change; when the measurement is continuously performed, it can be found that after a certain number of revolutions, this Changes will repeat approximately. The index for measuring the degree of change is the cyclic rotation precision, and the change approximately repeats the required number of revolutions to represent the "quasi-period" of the cycle rotation accuracy. The magnitude of the magnitude change in the quasi-period is large, that is, the cycle rotation precision is poor. .
1, grease lubrication
Relubrication of ntn bearings is best carried out during planned equipment downtime and is periodically replenished, while removing old grease or extruding old grease through the drain. Wipe the grease fittings clean before adding fresh grease. If the bearing housing does not have a grease fitting, the bearing housing cover or end cap should be opened to remove the old grease and, after cleaning, replenish the same type of fresh grease.
2, lubricating oil lubrication
Regularly check the oil level and oil quality of the lubricating oil. Under normal circumstances, the normal oil level should be within the range of 1/3-2/3 of the equipment oil level window or mark. The oil filling method is oil cup, the oil level shown only represents the oil replenishing capacity, and the bearing tank oil level is to meet the operation requirements. The oil level in the oil cup is less than 1/4 of its total volume.
Check and replenish the oil method, take a small amount of lubricating oil as a sample and compare it with fresh oil. The competent unit can consider the oil quality test to ensure the oil quality is qualified. If the sample looks cloudy, it may be the result of mixing with water, which is commonly referred to as oil emulsification. At this point, the lubricant should be replaced. Installation of the fixed-end front bearing on the shaft: Thoroughly clean the tapered roller bearing with clean cleaning kerosene. For grease lubrication, firstly inject the organic solvent containing 3% to 5% grease into the ntn bearing for degreasing and cleaning. Use a grease gun to fill the bearing with a certain amount of grease (10% to 15% of the bearing space volume); heat the bearing to raise the temperature by 20 to 30 °C, load the bearing into the shaft end with a hydraulic press; press the adapter sleeve on the shaft And axially position the bearing end face with appropriate pressure; wind the belt of the spring balance on the outer ring of the bearing, and check whether the specified preload has a large change by measuring the starting torque (even if the taper rolls The sub-bearings are correct, but the preload is also subject to change due to the deformation of the fit or cage.

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INA overall eccentric arm bearing maintenance performance cautious inspection method

If the INA bearing can be used correctly if it is not selected correctly, it can be used for a long time before the service life of the whole eccentric arm bearing. On the other hand, there is an accidental early damage, and the early damage that cannot be used can be used as The reason for this early damage is that there is not enough consideration for the use of lubrication, and there are also foreign matter intrusion, the error of bearing assembly and the deflection of the shaft are large, and the research on the shaft and the bearing housing is insufficient. It can be said that these reasons overlap each other.
A comparative study of the design life of various machines and various durable overall eccentric arm bearing bearings is used, while determining the bearing size. In the selection of bearings, INA bearings tend to think that the grease life in aging, the fatigue life of the grease, wear resistance, and low noise also need to be fully studied.
In addition, depending on the application, it is necessary to select bearings for special requirements in terms of precision, clearance, cage structure, grease, etc. However, there is no order in selecting INA bearings. Rules, priority should be given to the conditions, performance, and related matters required for the overall eccentric arm bearing, especially for practical use. As long as the bearings are kept as intact as possible.
Cleaning of the bearing: Remove the bearing repair, first record the appearance of the bearing, confirm the remaining amount of lubricant, use the lubricant after sampling inspection, and clean the bearing. As a cleaning agent, gasoline and kerosene are generally used. Remove the entire eccentric arm bearing cleaning, cleaning and fine cleaning of the thick, placed in the container, put the first metal mesh bottom, so that the container does not directly contact the dirt of the bearing.
INA bearing inspection and judgment: to determine whether it can be used for cleaning the bearing to remove the bearing.
Check raceways, raceways, surface conditions, cage wear, bearing clearance and dimensional accuracy improvements, irrelevant damage, and anomalies. Non-separable small ball bearing, bearing inner ring, with one hand support level, rotating outer ring confirmed smoothly.
Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the machine used in the bearing, the conditions of use, and the structure of the outer eccentric arm bearing. If the situation before and after the accident can be clarified, then the damage of the INA bearing and various reasons can be investigated. It can prevent the recurrence of similar accidents

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Regular inspection method for NTN thrust ball bearing lubricant

The choice of NTN bearing grease is directly related to the stable operation of the equipment. In order to better play the best condition of the bearing, the following are several important factors for selecting the grease: mechanical type; type and size of thrust ball bearing; working temperature Workload conditions; speed range; working conditions, such as vibration and the direction of the main shaft are horizontal or vertical; cooling; sealing effect; peripheral environment.
Apply a little bit of lubricant to the friction between the two fingers. If there is any contaminant, it can be felt. Or apply a lubricant on the back of the hand and then check the light.
Thrust ball bearings lubricated with oil should be refilled with fresh oil and allowed to rotate at low speed for a few minutes if the old oil is drained. As much as possible, allow the oil to collect residual contaminants and then vent the oil. Note: It is best to filter the oil before use.
1) Bearing design parameters: including the number of bearing rolling elements, ferrule wall thickness and clearance.
2) Manufacturing error of bearing parts: including NTN bearing raceway and rolling element surface roughness, ridge degree and roundness difference. A large number of experimental studies have shown that the influence of waviness on bearing vibration is dominant, while the influence of surface roughness and roundness is relatively small.
3) Bearing working conditions: During the operation of the thrust ball bearing, the load, speed and lubrication conditions have the greatest influence on the bearing vibration.
4) Bearing installation parameters: the bearing and the shaft and the bearing seat, the deflection during installation and other factors also affect the vibration of the bearing.
The use of grease-lubricated thrust ball bearings in the replacement of grease, the use of the cutter should avoid the contact of cotton with any part of the NTN bearing. Since these residual fibers may be wedged between the rolling elements and cause damage, especially the application of small bearings requires attention to this problem.
When inspecting NTN bearings, never expose the thrust ball bearings to contaminants or moisture. If the work is interrupted, cover the machine with a piece of oil-paper plastic or similar material.

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Maintenance of INA bearings on the pump

     Many of the maintenance of INA bearings are the same, but each industry has different maintenance. Today I will introduce the maintenance of the INA bearing on the pump.
(1) The pump that is newly put into use must be replaced with grease (oil) after 100 hours of operation, and then replaced once every 500 hours.
(2) Flow INA bearing lubricated with grease. After 1500 hours of operation, the grease should be replaced. The amount of oil to be filled should not be too much or too little, because too much or too little grease will cause the INA bearing to heat up. Generally, it is suitable to hold 1/2 to 2/3 of the volume of the INA bearing chamber.
(3) For INA bearings lubricated with lubricating oil, the amount of oil should be added to the specified position.
(4) The container containing lubricating oil or grease should be clean and should be sealed properly. There should be no dust, iron filings and other debris to avoid damage to the INA bearing.
(5) Motor INA bearings generally use sodium-based grease, which is characterized by high temperature resistance (125 ° C), but is easy to dissolve in water, so it can not be used for lubrication of pump INA bearings.

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Imported bearing storage and storage methods

     Precautions for use
Rolling inlet bearings are more accurate than general mechanical parts, so care should be taken when using them.
1) Keep the imported bearings and their surroundings clean
2) Careful and careful when using
If used carelessly, the imported bearings will have strong impact, which will cause injuries, indentations, breaks and other injuries on the imported bearings.
3) Use the right tools
4) Pay attention to the rust prevention of imported bearings
Avoid using it in wet areas, and wear gloves if you don't get sweat on it.
5) Users should be familiar with imported bearings
6) Formulate operational specifications for the use of imported bearings
a, the preservation of imported bearings
b. Cleaning of imported bearings and their surroundings
c. Inspection of the size and processing quality of the installation site
d, installation work
e, post-installation check
f, disassembly work {TodayHot}
g, maintenance (regular inspection)
h, lubricant supplement
Storage of imported bearings
Imported bearings are coated with an appropriate amount of anti-rust oil at the factory and packed with anti-rust paper. As long as the package is not damaged, the quality of the imported bearings will be guaranteed.
However, for long-term storage, it is recommended to store on a shelf 30cm above the ground at a temperature below 65% and a temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius. In addition, the storage place should avoid direct sunlight or contact with cold walls.

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Ways to control the effects of bearing noise

   Generally speaking, in order to control the noise influence of the rolling bearing, it is necessary to take countermeasures against the root cause of these noises in order to receive the effect of the root cause. The main route is:

(1) Select low noise bearings;

(2) Try to eliminate noise from the application of the bearing,

(3) Avoid resonance with the host and avoid resonance sensitive speed;

(4) When other methods are ineffective, take additional measures for sound insulation and noise reduction.

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Common sliding NSK bearing failures

Sliding NSK bearings NSK bearings that work under sliding friction. The sliding NSK bearing works smoothly, reliably and without noise. Under liquid lubrication conditions, the sliding surface is separated by the lubricating oil without direct contact, and the friction loss and surface wear can be greatly reduced, and the oil film also has a certain vibration absorbing capability. The use of sliding NSK bearings is also very versatile. How can we solve the problem of the occurrence of sliding NSK bearings? What better way? Let me explain the relevant knowledge to you, I hope to help you.
Common faults in sliding NSK bearings are as follows:
1, tile surface corrosion: spectral analysis found that the concentration of non-ferrous metal elements is abnormal; there are many sub-micron wear particles of non-ferrous metal components in the iron spectrum; lubricating oil moisture exceeds the standard, acid value exceeds the standard.
2. NSK imported bearing journal surface strain: iron spectrum cutting abrasive grains or black oxide particles in the iron spectrum, tempering color on the metal surface.
3, NSK bearing journal surface corrosion: Spectral analysis found that the concentration of iron is abnormal, there are many sub-micron particles of iron in the iron spectrum, the lubricating oil exceeds the standard or the acid value exceeds the standard.
4, NSK bearing surface strain: found in the iron spectrum cutting abrasive particles, abrasive particles are non-ferrous metals.
5, fretting wear behind the tile: spectral analysis found that the iron concentration is abnormal, there are many iron components in the iron spectrum sub-micron wear particles, lubricating oil moisture and acid value is abnormal.

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Calculation method of rolling bearing fault frequency

Rolling bearing outer ring fault frequency: BPFOr≌0.4Nn
Rolling bearing inner ring fault frequency: BPFIr≌0.6Nn
Rolling bearing cage failure frequency: FTFr≌0.4N

The above symbols:

n = number of rolling elements.
N = speed of the shaft.

Note: 1. The rolling bearing does not slide; 2. The rolling bearing geometry does not change; 3. The bearing outer ring is fixed and does not rotate.

Rolling bearing outer ring fault frequency: BPFOe≌N (0.5n-1.2)
Rolling bearing inner ring fault frequency: BPFIe≌N (0.5n+1.2)
Rolling bearing rolling element failure frequency: BSFe≌N (0.2n-1.2/n)
Rolling bearing cage failure frequency: FTFe≌N (0.5-1.2/n)

The above symbols:

n = number of rolling elements.
N = speed of the shaft.

Note: 1. The rolling bearing does not slide; 2. The rolling bearing geometry does not change; 3. The bearing outer ring is fixed and does not rotate.

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