Daily maintenance precautions for TIMKEN plain bearings

After the TIMKEN bearing is installed, check the operation in order to check if the installation is correct. The small machine can be rotated by hand to confirm whether the rotation is smooth. The inspection items have poor operation due to foreign matter, scratches, and indentations. The installation is poor, the torque generated by the mounting is not stable, and the torque is too large due to too small clearance, installation error, and sealing friction. Wait. If there is no abnormality, the power running can be started. Large machinery cannot be rotated manually, so the power is cut off immediately after the start of the no-load, the machine is idling, and the presence or absence of vibration, noise, and contact of the rotating parts is checked. After confirming that there is no abnormality, the power is turned on. The power running starts from the no-load low speed and slowly increases to the rated operation of the specified conditions. The items to be checked during the test run are whether there is abnormal sound, change in the temperature of the plane bearing, leakage or discoloration of the lubricant, and the like. If an abnormality is found, stop the operation immediately, check the machine, and remove the bearing check if necessary.

The temperature can generally be estimated based on the external temperature of the bearing housing. However, it is more accurate to directly measure the temperature of the outer ring of the TIMKEN bearing by using the oil hole. The bearing temperature gradually rises from the start of the operation, and the temperature is usually stable after 1 to 2 hours. If the bearing is poorly installed, the temperature will rise sharply and an abnormally high temperature will occur. The reasons are such as excessive lubricant, too small bearing clearance, poor installation, excessive friction of the sealing device, and the like. In the case of high-speed rotation, the selection of the structure and lubrication method is also the cause.

1. Keep the bearings and their surroundings clean.

Even small dust that is invisible to the eyes can have a bad effect on TIMKEN bearings. So keep the area clean so that the dust does not intrude into the flat bearings.

2. Careful use of the bearing gives the TIMKEN bearing a strong impact during use, which can cause scratches and indentations, which are the cause of the accident. In severe cases, cracks and breaks occur, so care must be taken.

3, use the appropriate operating tools

Avoid using existing tools and use the right tools.

4, pay attention to the corrosion of the plane bearing

When operating the bearing, the sweat on the hand can cause rust. Be careful to use a clean hand, it is best to wear gloves as much as possible.

It is very important to understand that the use of TIMKEN bearings will have a multiplier effect.

When the mechanical parts near the bearing have been lubricated with oil or need to be dissipated by lubricating oil, the bearings should be lubricated with oil. There may be heat dissipation requirements when the bearing is under heavy load or high speed, or when external heat is introduced.

Micro-lubrication methods, such as drip lubrication, oil mist lubrication or oil and gas lubrication, ensure that the oil loss and bearing friction are small.

When air is used as the carrier, the oil can be supplied directly and the gas flow helps to seal.

Where the flat bearing speed is extremely high and where suburban fruit is to be cooled well, a large amount of lubricant can be sprayed directly onto all contact surfaces.

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Precautions for use of FAG tapered roller bearing lubrication device

When the bearing is installed, it can be selected according to its type and size, mechanical, heating or hydraulic. However, under no circumstances can you tap the tapered roller bearing ring, cage, rolling element or seal directly. The force applied to the FAG bearing during installation must not be transmitted from one bearing ring to the other through the rolling element, otherwise the raceway may be damaged.

First of all: The first point is two tank equipment, one for use, regular switching, spare tank cleaning, oil temperature precipitation, net oil and water.

Second, the fuel tank should be equipped with a degassing plate in the oil return zone - reduce the impact of fueling; the magnetic grid device - the iron in the oil returning zone; the floating oil suction port - the appropriate position below the liquid surface to absorb oil; the automatic drainage device or the water immersion alarm device - will precipitate Separate water to discharge in time; dynamic liquid level control - alarm or interlock for sudden large amount of oil leakage.

Third, the oil supply filtration precision is high, generally requires filtration accuracy of 10 ~ 20μm to ensure the cleanliness of the oil.

Fourth, the oil supply pressure should be kept constant, the lubrication system working pressure control device should have high sensitivity and precision, avoid the pressure drop caused by the pressure change, cause the local lubrication system to supply insufficient oil, and the oil film FAG bearing wear and sintering .

5. The volume of the fuel tank should be 35 to 40 times the displacement per minute of the oil pump, and some even larger. In the case of high oil level operation, ensure that the oil stays in the tank for a long enough time to settle.

6. The pressure tank in the lubrication system must operate normally, control the reasonable oil filling flow value and the liquid level in the tank, and play the pressure fluctuation of the partial buffer system and the supply of the emergency oil source.

7. The oil supply temperature should be controlled between 40±2°C to ensure the viscosity of the oil supply.

8. The filter must drain the residual air in the filter cartridge before switching the tapered roller bearing.

For clearance-fit tapered roller bearing rings, it is recommended to apply a thin anti-creeping etchant on the mating surface to prevent frictional corrosion between the mating surfaces.

Proper installation is very important for the use of FAG bearings. I hope that everyone can use the correct installation method in future use.

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IKO imported bearing damage analysis and maintenance should pay attention to matters

Not all damaged I bearings can be repaired, but for each damaged bearing, the cause and extent of damage must be evaluated to avoid or reduce re-damage before considering repairing or replacing a new bearing. There are many reasons for damage to imported bearings, such as improper installation, dirt intrusion or moisture intrusion, which are common causes of early damage to many imported bearings. Analysis of common causes of damage to IKO bearings and corresponding preventive measures that extend the life of IKO bearings.

A. Improper operation:

Improper installation, operation or disassembly may cause deformation or defect of the cage

Precautions: Use appropriate handling, installation and removal tools

B. Insufficient lubrication:

Insufficient or improper lubrication may result in component scratches or severe bearing deformation

Precautions: Improve the lubrication system and properly replenish or replace the lubricant at regular intervals

C. Rusty and corrosion:

Contact with water can cause the bearing components to erode and rust. Bearings after rust damage may cause spalling during work

Precautionary measures: Regularly check the seal to ensure a good sealing effect and properly store IKO bearings.

D. Current:

Energization of the IKO bearing while it is rotating may result in grooves or nicks. Improper electrical grounding can cause minor burns when the bearing is stationary

Precautions: Reduce or avoid current flow through the bearings by properly grounding the connections before parts other than IKO bearings.

E. External materials:

Abrasion particle contamination and debris intrusion may cause wear, abrasion and dents on the IKO bearing bearing face

Precautions: Remove invading particles and debris, replace lubricant, check sealing system

F. eccentric:

Eccentricity, tilting, or excessive loading can cause geometric stress concentrations or surface spalling

Precautions: Precision machining of IKO bearings and shoulders

When the IKO imported bearing equipment is regularly inspected and operated, and the bearings that have been removed during the replacement of the peripheral parts are stopped, it is necessary to determine whether the secondary IKO bearing parts can be reused and the usage status is better or worse.

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Analysis: Characteristics of NSK bearing raceway noise

The source of the rolling sound is caused by the natural vibration of the ferrule after the load. Due to the elastic contact of the ferrule and the rolling body, a nonlinear vibration system is formed. When the lubrication or machining accuracy is not high, the natural vibration associated with this elastic characteristic is excited, and when it is transmitted to the air, it becomes noise. As we all know, even if the NSK bearing parts are processed by the highest modern manufacturing technology, there will always be a small geometric error in the working surface, so that small fluctuations between the raceway and the rolling body will stimulate the natural vibration of the vibration system.

Although the raceway noise of the NSK bearing is unavoidable, it is possible to use high-precision machining of the working surface of the part, the correct selection of NSK bearings and the precise use of NSK bearings for noise reduction and vibration reduction.

The rolling sound is due to the rolling of the rolling elements in the raceway when the NSK bearing rotates to excite a smooth and continuous noise, which only attracts attention when its sound pressure level or tone is extremely large. In fact, the sound energy excited by the raceway sound is limited. For example, under normal conditions, the quality of the 6203NSK bearing raceway is 25~27dB. This type of noise is the most typical of single row deep groove ball bearings that can withstand radial loads. It has the following characteristics:

a. Noise and vibration are random;

b. The vibration frequency is above 1 kHz;

c. Regardless of the change in the rotational speed, the main frequency of the noise is almost constant and the sound pressure level increases as the rotational speed increases;

d. When the radial clearance increases, the sound pressure level increases sharply;

e. NSK bearing housing rigidity increases, the lower the total sound pressure level, even if the speed increases, its total sound pressure level does not increase much;

f. The higher the viscosity of the lubricant, the lower the sound pressure level, but for grease lubrication, the viscosity and shape of the soap fiber can affect the noise value.

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IKO bearing maintenance

1. Maintenance, inspection, and abnormal handling of IKO bearings In order to maintain the original performance of IKO bearings in good condition for as long as possible, maintenance, inspection, and accident prevention are required to ensure the reliability of operation and improve productivity. Economic. Maintenance is best carried out on a regular basis in accordance with the operating standards for the mechanical operating conditions. The contents include monitoring of operating conditions, replenishment or replacement of lubricants, and inspections for periodic disassembly.

As a maintenance item during operation, there are rotary sounds, vibration, temperature, and state of lubricant of IKO bearings.

2, IKO bearing damage and countermeasures Generally, if the IKO bearing is used correctly, it can be used until the fatigue life is reached. However, there will be accidents that are prematurely damaged and cannot be used. This early damage, as opposed to fatigue life, limits the quality of what is known as a fault or accident. Many of them are caused by inadvertent installation, use, and lubrication, and foreign objects intruding from the outside are insufficiently studied for the thermal effects of the shaft and the outer casing.

Regarding the damage state of the IKO bearing, for example, the jam of the ferrule rim of the roller IKO bearing can be considered as a cause of insufficient lubricant, unsuitability, defects in the oil supply structure, foreign matter intrusion, IKO bearing installation error, shaft If the deflection is too large, there will be coincidences of these reasons.

Therefore, it is difficult to know the true cause of the damage by investigating only IKO bearing damage. However, if you know the IKO bearing's use of machinery, the conditions of use, the structure around the IKO bearing, and understand the situation before and after the accident, combined with the damage state of IKO bearings and several reasons, it can prevent similar accidents from happening again.

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IKO bearing maintenance

1. Maintenance, inspection, and abnormal handling of IKO bearings In order to maintain the original performance of IKO bearings in good condition for as long as possible, maintenance, inspection, and accident prevention are required to ensure the reliability of operation and improve productivity. Economic. Maintenance is best carried out on a regular basis in accordance with the operating standards for the mechanical operating conditions. The contents include monitoring of operating conditions, replenishment or replacement of lubricants, and inspections for periodic disassembly.

As a maintenance item during operation, there are rotary sounds, vibration, temperature, and state of lubricant of IKO bearings.

2, IKO bearing damage and countermeasures Generally, if the IKO bearing is used correctly, it can be used until the fatigue life is reached. However, there will be accidents that are prematurely damaged and cannot be used. This early damage, as opposed to fatigue life, limits the quality of what is known as a fault or accident. Many of them are caused by inadvertent installation, use, and lubrication, and foreign objects intruding from the outside are insufficiently studied for the thermal effects of the shaft and the outer casing.

Regarding the damage state of the IKO bearing, for example, the jam of the ferrule rim of the roller IKO bearing can be considered as a cause of insufficient lubricant, unsuitability, defects in the oil supply structure, foreign matter intrusion, IKO bearing installation error, shaft If the deflection is too large, there will be coincidences of these reasons.

Therefore, it is difficult to know the true cause of the damage by investigating only IKO bearing damage. However, if you know the IKO bearing's use of machinery, the conditions of use, the structure around the IKO bearing, and understand the situation before and after the accident, combined with the damage state of IKO bearings and several reasons, it can prevent similar accidents from happening again.

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Maximize the service life of eccentric bearings

In addition to the quality of the product itself, the life of the eccentric bearing has some important factors.

First, the bearing selection stage, need to consider many factors (such as: load, hardness, operating environment, etc.), a good eccentric bearing design will first make the bearing reach its maximum life value.

Second, the correct storage, eccentric bearings should preferably be stored in their original packaging before installation. It needs to be left in a clean, moisture-free, relatively constant temperature environment. Rolling bearings should be kept away from dust, water and corrosive chemicals. Shaking and vibration can permanently damage the mechanical properties of the bearing, so vibration should be avoided during handling and storage. Generally, the bearings should be stored horizontally. Some heavy bearings will be deformed due to their own weight after being placed vertically for a long time! Also, greased (or sealed) bearings require special care because the density of the grease changes over time. When the bearing is used for the first time, there will be a certain degree of rotational noise. Therefore, the shelf life of such bearings should be controlled on the principle of first in, first out!

Third, clean, this is very important for rolling bearings. The rotating surface of the eccentric bearing ring is very smooth and very sensitive to damage caused by contaminants. Particulate impurities can be excessively crushed by the rolling elements to create partial pressure in the bearing, which can eventually lead to permanent material fatigue.

Fourth, full equipment and re-installation, the bearings should be carefully installed and disassembled with appropriate tools (refer to the bearing disassembly series video). You should choose the right tool! Industry experts estimate that 16% of bearings fail prematurely due to incorrect installation. Generally speaking, in general, a proper bearing mounting device is adopted. But in maintenance or replacement work, the environment is diverse! It is recommended that you read the relevant drawings, maintenance manuals and product manuals carefully. The components of the bearing should also be kept absolutely clean!

5. Careful installation and disassembly. I have talked about the installation of eccentric bearings many times before. (If you have similar problems, there are some articles on bearing installation.) Here is a brief summary: 1. Do not apply mounting force on the rolling elements. This can easily lead to local overloading of the rolling element and the contact surface of the race, thereby premature failure of the guide bearing. 2, do not use any hard tools (such as hammers, screwdrivers, etc., I have seen too many "hard" installation with these two tools, too strong) directly knock on the bearing surface, which will cause the bearing ring to break or break. 3. The general bearing will not be removed from the equipment, only the larger bearing will be removed due to preventive maintenance. During the disassembly process, the correct tool should be used first, to ensure that adjacent components are not damaged!

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Disadvantages of gas lubricated bearings

  (1) Low carrying capacity

Compared with similar oil-lubricated bearings, gas-lubricated bearings have a bearing capacity of about one to two orders of magnitude lower. According to the bearing capacity per unit area, oil-lubricated bearings are generally (0.5 to 2) MPa, while gas-lubricated bearings are only (0.02 to 0.04) MPa.

(2) Poor reliability

On the one hand, gas-lubricated bearings are prone to instability, and common air hammer vibrations and eddy instability occur. On the other hand, gas-lubricated bearings are stuck, hung or bitten.

(3) High manufacturing precision and expensive construction

Since the gas film is very thin, generally between a few micrometers and several tens of micrometers, the manufacturing precision of parts is required to be high, and the cost is increased. In addition, there are special process requirements such as processing spiral grooves, orifices and porous materials, which increases manufacturing difficulty and cost.

(4) demanding working conditions

Gas lubricated bearings require a high clean working environment and strict adherence to operating procedures to ensure proper bearing operation and no accidents. To this end, its widespread application and commercialization have been limited to a certain extent.

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Reasons for damage to diesel engine bearings

There are 7 major reasons for diesel engine bearing damage.

First, there is a lack of lubricant. The reasons include: no new oil is added after the oil is discharged; the crankcase screw plug leaks the oil due to the vibration loss; the filter block is blocked, the return valve spring is invalid, the blisters on the cylinder oil passage or the process hole are clogged off, the bearing bush is seriously worn, and the bearing bush is on the bearing. The oil hole is not aligned with the oil supply hole on the tile seat or the upper and lower tiles are incorrectly installed, the fuel pump plunger is worn and leaking, the injector is poorly atomized, and the diesel oil leaks into the crankcase, etc., so that the lubricating oil is thinned until Lack of oil and "burn" injuries.

Second, the lubricating oil is not clean. Reasons include: oil contains a lot of metal abrasives, dust or mechanical impurities.

Third, the lubricant grade does not meet the requirements of the specification.

The fourth is improper use of maintenance. The reasons include: the overload causes the bearing alloy to break and fall off, indentation on the bearing raceway, and even the inner and outer rings are broken; the axial clearance of the tapered bearing is too large, and the wheel collides when rolling on the rough road, so that the rolling element is pressed outside the bearing. The circle is broken; the calcium-based grease is not added once every 10~12h.

The fifth is the manufacturing defects of the bearing. Reasons include: deformation of the retainer, relative deflection of the inner and outer rings, skew of the rolling elements, and the like.

Sixth is poor preservation. Reasons include: poor rust prevention or exceeding the oil seal period without re-grinding; or rubbing with rust to reduce the accuracy, bumping or falling.

Seven is improperly installed. The reasons include: hammering the ring with a hammer and causing cracks; knocking the bearing with a punch causes the bearing to collapse; the seat is damaged by the shock wave and the other race, and the hard knocker causes the retainer to deform; the two bearing centerline The straightness error is too large, which causes the needle roller, the roller and the inner and outer rings to be subjected to a large pressure, resulting in premature fatigue damage of the bearing; the bearing is biased or forced to cause damage to the inner ring; the bearing is mounted to the outer diameter of the bearing outer ring. In a much smaller hole, the outer ring is deformed or broken, and the bearing rotation is stuck; the inner ring hole of the bearing and the journal or the outer ring of the bearing and the hole are loosely fitted, resulting in shaft deflection, poor gear meshing and damage to the bearing; assembly The error of the ruler chain causes the pre-stress of the bearing to be too large; the crankshaft journal taper is out of tolerance, the bearing bush is out of round, the incorrect press fit and the center line of the connecting rod are out of adjustment, etc., the bearing bush is damaged, the tapered journal and the bearing bush are asked. If the gap at one end is too large, the bearing bush is eccentrically worn, resulting in high temperature and increased wear.

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Regular lubrication and maintenance of SKF bearings to avoid failure

1, grease lubrication
Relubrication of SKF bearings is best carried out during planned equipment downtime and is periodically replenished, while removing old grease or extruding old grease through the drain. Wipe the grease fittings clean before adding fresh grease. If the bearing housing does not have a grease fitting, the bearing housing cover or end cap should be opened to remove the old grease and, after cleaning, replenish the same type of fresh grease.
2, lubricating oil lubrication
Regularly check the oil level and oil quality of the lubricating oil. Under normal circumstances, the normal oil level should be within the range of 1/3-2/3 of the equipment oil level window or mark. The oil filling method is oil cup, the oil level shown only represents the oil replenishing capacity, and the bearing tank oil level is to meet the operation requirements. The oil level in the oil cup is less than 1/4 of its total volume.
Check and replenish the oil method, take a small amount of lubricating oil as a sample and compare it with fresh oil. The competent unit can consider the oil quality test to ensure the oil quality is qualified. If the sample looks cloudy, it may be the result of mixing with water, which is commonly referred to as oil emulsification. At this point, the lubricant should be replaced.
If the sample is darkened or thickened, it may indicate that the lubricant has begun to carbonize and the old lubricant should be completely replaced. If possible, flush the oil line with fresh oil. When changing the lubricating oil, make sure that the new and old models of the replaced oil are the same and supplement the required oil level.
Use an oil bath type lubrication system. If the oil temperature is below 60 ° C (140 ° F) and the lubricant is not contaminated, replace the lubricant once a year. If the oil temperature is between 60-100 ° C (140-210 ° F), the lubricant needs to be replaced four times a year. If the oil temperature is between 100 and 120 ° C (210-250 ° F), the lubricant needs to be replaced once a month. If the oil temperature is above 120 ° C (250 ° F), the lubricant needs to be replaced once a week.
Proper installation and maintenance are important factors in the normal operation of SKF bearings. At the same time, care must be taken to maintain the cleanliness of the bearings. Bearings must be protected from contaminants and moisture and must be properly installed and lubricated. In addition, the design of the bearing arrangement, the condition of the oil seal, the form of the lubricant and the replacement cycle and the special maintenance also play an important role and must be paid attention to.

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IKO import bearing failure judgment and replacement measures

1. Contact fatigue failure
Contact fatigue failure refers to the failure of the working surface of IKO imported bearings due to the alternating stress. Contact fatigue spalling occurs on the bearing working surface, often accompanied by fatigue cracking, first from the maximum alternating shear stress below the contact surface, and then extended to the surface to form different peeling shapes, such as pitting or pitting. Peeled into small pieces called shallow peeling. Due to the gradual enlargement of the exfoliation surface, it tends to expand deeper and form deep exfoliation. Deep exfoliation is a source of fatigue in contact fatigue failure.
2, wear and tear
Wear failure refers to the failure of the relative sliding friction between the surfaces resulting in the continuous wear of the metal on the working surface. Continued wear and tear will cause gradual damage to the bearing parts and eventually lead to loss of dimensional accuracy of IKO bearings and other related problems. Wear may affect the shape change. The increase of the clearance and the change of the surface of the working surface may affect the lubricant or cause the pollution to a certain extent, resulting in complete loss of the lubrication function, thus causing the bearing to lose the rotation precision or even the normal operation. Wear failure is one of the common failure modes of various types of bearings. It is usually classified into the most common abrasive wear and adhesive wear according to the form of wear.
1) Instrument detection
Using a spectrometer such as a spectrometer or SPM or a new VIB05 detector to determine the operating state of the bearing to determine whether maintenance or replacement should be performed is the most convenient and reliable method.
For example, when using the VIBO5 detector, this is a microprocessor-based machine state detection instrument with vibration detection, IKO imported bearing status analysis and infrared temperature measurement. The operation is simple, and the status alarm is automatically indicated. It is very suitable for the field equipment operation and maintenance personnel to detect the equipment status, find problems in time, and ensure the normal and reliable operation of the equipment.
With such an instrument, the bearing working potential can be fully utilized, the bearing warranty can be timely and the failure can be avoided, and it is suitable for young workers to make up for their lack of experience.
2) Manual detection
In places where the above instruments are not available, it can be detected using a monitoring instrument similar to that of a medical stethoscope. Experienced operators can also use the tools such as round bars or wrenches to resist the outer casing of the machine, and use the ear to monitor through the tool. The sound of the bearing.
The normal IKO imported bearing running sound should be uniform, stable and not harsh, and the abnormal bearing running sound is intermittent, impact or harsh sound.
This method is suitable for the operation of experienced staff, which mainly depends on the accumulation of staff experience.

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